Nuremberg Trials War Criminals Goering Hess Von Ribbentrop October 2 1946 B40

Description

Indianapolis Star dated October 2nd 1946
Nuremberg Trials – war criminals to hang
(30
Pa
ges)
Sep 3, 1943 – Sep 1944
With North Africa secured and Sicily—the stepping stone to
Italy—conquered, the Allied forces launched their invasion of Italy on 3
September 1943.  It began with British forces skipping across the
Strait of Messina to Calabria.  A few days later, more British and
American forces landed several hundred miles to the north at Salerno.
 Their plan was simple: the northern forces would throw a net across the
Italian peninsula while the British army chased the Germans into it
from the south.
Allied commanders expected a relatively easy
campaign.  A secret agreement with the new Italian government led by
Pietro Badoglio, signed 3 September, would neutralize the Italian
forces, leaving only German divisions offering resistance.  But things
proved more difficult than anticipated.  The Germans immediately seized
Italian military installations upon hearing of their capitulation,
imprisoned their hapless former allies, and fired on their clueless
ships. German defenses were, consequently, more secure than the Allies
expected when they made their landings.  And by the time the Allies
threw their net, the German had moved beyond it to the north and had
established a defensive line,  known as the Gustav Line, about 75 miles
north of Naples.
Several factors now worked to strengthen the
Germans’ hands.  The rugged terrain of the peninsula slowed the invading
armies; and re-enforcements from Germany arrived just as the Allies
began directing more of their new recruits to Britain in preparation for
a 1944 cross-channel invasion.
In January 1944, the Allies tried
to break the deadlock by landing at Anzio, 50 miles above the Gustav
line and 30 miles below Rome. It should have been a great success.  The
landing was preceded by a diversionary strike against the Gustav Line at
Cassino.  In response, German troops stationed at Rome were dispatched
to beef up the line leaving Anzio virtually undefended.  The Allies
hoped that once the landing was successfully made, the Germans would
have to send these and several other divisions from the Gustav line back
north, thus softening the line for a major Allied push. But the
American commanders at Anzio, Major Generals Mark Clark and John Lucas,
proceeded too slowly and thus failed to take advantage of the momentary
weakness in the German lines.  As a result, German troops were quickly
redeployed and the opportunity for a quick strike against them was lost.
In
February, the Allies made several attempts to break through at Cassino.
 In the first phase of this newest campaign, Allied bombers destroyed
the ancient monastery on top of Monte Cassino in the mistaken belief
that it served as a German observation tower.  The Allies were wrong and
their misguided attack alienated Catholics around the world.
Allied
bombers soon found more appropriate targets among German units deployed
lower on the mountain.  But through February and March, the frequent
air assaults failed to dislodge these defenses or enable a push through
the German lines.
Finally, deception succeeded where air power had
not.  Allied forced staged an elaborate faux attack north of Rome
compelling the German commander Albert Kesslelring to divert forces from
his lines at Cassino.  At the same time, Allies tightened their grip on
German supply lines preventing Kesslering from reinforcing his defenses
at Cassino.  By May, the Allies enjoyed a 3:1 advantage; and they
smashed through the depleted German lines and rushed north liberating
Rome and all the territory in between. The Germans were forced back, but
not out of Italy. They established a new defensive line —the Gothic
Line—200 north miles of Rome.
In September 1944, the invasion of
Italy came to an anti-climactic end.  Allied commanders on the ground
believed they were poised to crush the German line that stretched from
Pisa to Florence.  But Allied commanders in Washington and London
decided that the cross-channel invasion of France, launched the previous
June, should be supported by an invasion of Southern France.
 Therefore, divisions were transferred from Italy to this new theater.
 The complete eradication of German forces from Italy would have to
wait.
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